Pranav Rajpurkar
I want everyone to have access to expert medical care. I am working to build AI doctors that can make this possible.
Associate Professor of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School. Co-founder, a2z Radiology AI.
The work toward it
I think of the path in four parts. For each, one result we have shown and one question that is still open. The research happens in the Rajpurkar Lab at Harvard.
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Reason from evidence
An AI doctor has to read everything a patient has, from scans to notes, and tie each answer to the evidence behind it.
- Shown
- Radiologists rated reports from MedVersa, our generalist imaging model, as good as human-written ones in 64% of cases. NEJM AI, 2026
- Open
- How should a model combine a patient’s scans, notes, labs, and history into one picture that changes over time?
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Test before we trust
Exams and fixed benchmarks overstate readiness. Before an AI meets a patient, it has to be tested the way it will be used: across hospitals, in conversation, and alongside clinicians.
- Shown
- GPT-4’s diagnostic accuracy fell from 82% on written cases to 63% when it had to take the history itself. Nature Medicine, 2025
- Open
- How can a simulated hospital respond plausibly to an AI’s decisions over time?
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Learn to assist
Much of care is physical work. I want robots that learn from expert demonstration and keep the clinician in control.
- Shown
- Trained on under an hour of demonstrations, a low-cost robot arm followed 23 of 25 stitches alongside a surgeon. Machine Learning for Healthcare, 2026
- Open
- Which forms of robotic assistance are useful, safe, and robust enough to evaluate clinically?
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Reach patients
Research only helps patients once it reaches the clinic. I co-founded a2z Radiology AI to take this work there.
- Shown
- a2z’s two FDA-cleared devices, a2z-Abdo-Triage and a2z-Unified-Triage, flag suspected cases across 17 findings on adult abdomen and pelvis CT for worklist prioritization. a2z-Abdo-Triage clearance · a2z-Unified-Triage clearance
- Open
- What evidence should let AI take on more responsibility in care?
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Expert medical care for everyone.
Writing
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Expert Medical Care for Everyone
What an AI doctor would have to do, what the current evidence supports, and which questions are still open.
August 2026 -
The Robot Doctor Will See You Now
An opinion essay with Eric Topol on AI doctors.
The New York Times · Opinion · February 2025 -
Learning to Execute
Learning to read code, write every day, cut losses, and build the infrastructure that made the first research projects possible.
The First Decade of Research, part 1 · December 2025 -
Recognizing Good Problems
How reading, mentors, timing, and repeated exposure helped me develop better judgment about which problems were worth pursuing.
The First Decade of Research, part 2 · December 2025 -
Making People Care
What I learned about framing a problem, writing clearly, and showing why a piece of research matters.
The First Decade of Research, part 3 · December 2025
Background
I started in language AI at Stanford, where my coauthors and I built SQuAD, a question-answering benchmark that received a 2026 ACL Test-of-Time Paper Award. I then turned to medicine, with deep learning for arrhythmias and chest X-rays (CheXNet, CheXpert). I received my BS, MS, and PhD in computer science at Stanford.
I am an Associate Professor of Biomedical Informatics at Harvard Medical School. I have authored 158 peer-reviewed papers, and my work has received 62,000+ citations on Google Scholar. My course AI for Medical Diagnosis, part of the AI for Medicine series, has 90,000+ learners. Recognition includes Clarivate’s Highly Cited Researchers list (2025), Harvard Medical School’s Outstanding Achievement in Biomedical Sciences Award (2026), MIT Technology Review’s Innovators Under 35, and Forbes 30 Under 30 in Science. A biography and headshot for organizers are on the bio page.
Working with me
- PhD applicants
- I advise PhD students through the AI in Medicine PhD track at Harvard Medical School. Apply through the program and list me as your first preference; I can't consider admissions by email.
- Before a PhD
- The lab's predoctoral researcher role and the Medical AI Bootcamp both take structured applications on the lab site.
- Admitted at Harvard or MIT
- Reach out right away. Rotations with my lab are welcome, and so are conversations about doing your PhD with me.
Elsewhere
Connect
Research & Profiles
- Google Scholar Complete publication list and citation metrics
Teaching & Courses
Past Projects
- Harvard CS197: AI Research Experiences Course Instructor (2023-2024)
Press & News
- New York Times: Opinion on AI Doctors 2025
- Wall Street Journal: AI in Medicine
- Washington Post: AI and Radiology Software 2025
- Financial Times: AI in Healthcare
- HMS: Can Jack-of-All-Trades AI Reshape Medicine
- HMS: Does AI Help or Hurt Human Radiologists?
- HMS: How Good is AI-Penned Radiology Report
- HMS: How Good are AI Clinicians at Medical Conversations
- HMS: No Labels, No Problem
- HMS: The Year in Harvard Medical School Science
- Harvard Medicine Magazine: 5 Questions for Medical AI Expert
- Stanford Medicine: AI Outperformed Radiologists in Screening X-rays 2018
- Stanford News: AI Tool Helps Radiologists Detect Brain Aneurysms 2019
- Stanford News: Advances in Generalizable Medical AI 2023
- Stanford News: Algorithm Diagnoses Heart Arrhythmias with Cardiologist-Level Accuracy 2017
- STAT News: Building Trust with Doctors in AI Medical Image Analysis 2022
- Endpoints News: Generative AI Meets the FDA
- Healthcare Brew: OpenAI's Claims About Transforming Healthcare 2025
- Becker's Hospital Review: AI Models Fall Short in Clinical Conversations
- Radiology Business: AI Impacts Radiologists Differently
- HealthTech Magazine: 30 Healthcare IT Influencers Worth Following 2024
- HealthIT Analytics: Self-Supervised AI to Detect Disease via X-ray
- Health Imaging: Accurate AI-Generated Radiology Reports
- MIT Technology Review: Self-Supervised Learning for Medical AI 2022
- MIT Technology Review: Profile - Innovator
- VentureBeat: How Self-Supervised Learning May Boost Medical AI
- Wired: AI Beat Humans at Reading, Maybe Not
- The Verge: AI Reading Comprehension 2018
- Engadget: Stanford Algorithm for Arrhythmia Detection 2017
- New Scientist: AI Chatbots Fail to Diagnose Patients
Podcasts & Media
- The Economist: How AI Will Change Healthcare 2024
- a16z Podcast: Generalist Medical AI
- NEJM AI Podcast: AI and Radiology
- The AI Health Podcast
- RSNA Radiology Podcast
- Vice: This Algorithm Reads X-rays Better Than Doctors Do
- CBS News Feature
- NPR Health Shots: Self-Taught Computer Diagnosis 2019
- YouTube: Stanford Research Talk
- YouTube: AI in Medical Imaging
- YouTube: Medical AI Discussion
- YouTube: AI and Healthcare